Integrating sources

Limit your use of quotations:

When to use Quotations:
-when language is especially vivid or expressived
-when exact wording is needed for technical accuracy
-when it is important to let the debaters of an issue explain their positions in their own words
-when the words of an important authority lend weight to an arguement
-when language of a source is the topic of your discussion(as in an analysis or interpretation)

Using the ellipsis mark and brackets- used to condense a quoted passage, (three periods with spaces in between)- indicating that you have ommitted words.

Using Research in your Writing

For the third essay, it is important to understand how to properly use and cite research.
For a research paper the steps go as followed:

1. Choosing a topic
2. Testing your topic
3. Doing Research- Reference works, the library's catalog, periodical indexes and sources for facts and statistics
4. Evaluating Sources- reliable, respected, current and credible?

Research

Databases:
-general databases
-subject-specific databases

Refine using uneccessary words in databases and search engines.
To search a database, begin by typing a word or phrase with the keypoints of a topic.

To locate books, use a library's catalog.
-Search keyword or phrase and author.
-Get complete record of a book

To locate a wide variety of sources,turn to the web.
-search engines
-directories
-digital archives
-government and news sites
-discussion forums

Other Search Tools:
-Reference Works
-Specialized and Generalized reference works
-bibliographies and scholarly citations
-Conduct field research , if appropriate

Evaluate Sources:
-determine how a source will contribute to your writing
-select sources worth your time and attention
-scanning search results
(again....databases, search engines)

Arguementation

Arguementation can be defined as, "a process of reasoning that asserts the soundness of a debatable position, belief, or conclusion. In order to arguement in an essay and use this process, the steps begin with:

1. Identifying the issue
2. Backgrounds present both sides of issue
3. Topic sentence (take stand)

Persuasion can be defined as, " a general term that refers to how a writer influences an audience to adopt a belief or follow a course of action.

When planning an arguementive essay, you would begin by :
1. Choosing a topic- with a purpose
2. Developing a thesis- something that is debatable.
3. Analyzing your audience- skeptical
4. Gathering and Documenting Evidence- kinds of evidence, facts and opinions, Relevant Criteria for evidence-( representation, typical, and sufficent), Documentation of Evidence (document(ation), plagiarism, common knowledge)
5. Dealing with the Opposition- refutation, concede
6. Understanding Rogerian Arguement


When using deductive and inductive areguements:
1. Use deductive arguements- syllogism, major premise, minor premise, conclusion, self evident, valid, undistributed, distributed, true and sound
2. Using inductive arguements- hypothesis and inference, jumping to a conclusion, inductive leap and facts.
3. Using Toulmin Logic- claim, grounds, warrant
4. Recogonzing Fallacies
         1. Begging the Question
         2. Arguement from Analogy
         3. Personal Attack
         4. Hasty or Sweeping Generalization
         5. False Dilemma (Either/Or Fallacy)
         6. Equivocation
         7. Red Herring
         8. You Also
         9. Appeal to doubtful authority
        10. Misleading statistics
        11. After this, therefore because of this
        12. It does not follow
5. Using transtions- transition words (all in all, as a result, finally, etc.)

For my project, I want to make a collage of my experiences with softball from teeball till high school.